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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Bloch oscillations ： ウィキペディア英語版 Bloch oscillations Bloch oscillation is a phenomenon from solid state physics. It describes the oscillation of a particle (e.g. an electron) confined in a periodic potential when a constant force is acting on it. It was first pointed out by Bloch and Zener while studying the electrical properties of crystals. In particular, they predicted that the motion of electrons in a perfect crystal under the action of a constant electric field would be oscillatory instead of uniform. While in natural crystals this phenomenon is extremely hard to observe due to the scattering of electrons by lattice defects, it has been observed in semiconductor superlattices and in different physical systems such as cold atoms in an optical potential and ultrasmall Josephson junctions. == Derivation == The one-dimensional equation of motion for an electron in a constant electric field E is: $\backslash hbar\; \backslash frac=-eE$ , which has the solution $k(t)=k(0)\; -\; \backslash frac\; t$ . The velocity v of the electron is given by $v(k)=\backslash frac\backslash frac$ , where $\backslash mathcal(k)$ denotes the dispersion relation for the given energy band. Suppose that the latter has the (tight-binding) form $\backslash mathcal(k)=\; A\; \backslash cos$, where a is the lattice parameter and A is a constant. Then v(k) is given by $v(k)=\backslash frac\backslash frac=-\backslash frac\backslash sin$ , and the electron position $x$ by $x(t)=\backslash int=\; -\backslash frac\backslash cos\backslash left(t\}\backslash right)$ . This shows that the electron oscillates in real space. The angular frequency of the oscillations is given by $\backslash omega\_B\; =\; ae|E|/\backslash hbar$. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bloch oscillations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.